Is there a difference between a Mortgage Pre-Qualification letter and a Mortgage Pre-Approval letter? The answer is YES!
These terms appear to be similar, but are different.
Speaking as a REALTOR®, the difference is in documentation and verification. In other words, is the buyer providing copies of income pay stubs and bank account statements to the Lender or is the Lender simply relying on verbal information provided by the buyer?
Mortgage Pre-Qualification is generally a process where a buyer contacts a Mortgage Lender/Mortgage Representative, often on the telephone, who then asks the buyer to provide some information. The information requested involves a current address and how long living there, a social security number and permission to order a credit report, annual income and hopefully the amount of down payment.
After the credit check is ordered and received by the Mortgage Lender, the Mortgage Rep then estimates the amount of mortgage the buyer can afford and sends (via fax or email) a letter to the buyer with the title Congratulations, You Are Pre-Qualified, for a mortgage loan in the amount of $__ or Congratulations, You Are Pre-Qualified, for a mortgage loan in the amount of $__ and a purchase price of $__. This is usually done within a half hour or so of the initial phone call, and at best can be described as an estimate of potential mortgage ability and not Mortgage Pre-Approval.
Mortgage Pre-Approval, in addition to obtaining a credit report, many Lenders require the buyer to provide proof of two years of work history, pay-stubs or income tax forms, copies of bank statements for source of funds verification and copies of charge card statements.
When the documentation is provided, it is then submitted to the Mortgage Underwriter for review and approval. The Mortgage Pre-Approval letter is worded something like this: Congratulations, You Are Pre-Approved for a mortgage loan in the amount of $__ and a purchase price of $__ subject to a Contract of Sale and a satisfactory Bank Appraisal on the home being purchased. While more time consuming than the previous pre-qualification practice discussed above, it is more thorough and more reliable, shortens the formal mortgage application and approval process and provides the ability for a fast closing if one is desired.
Mortgage Pre-Approval will give the buyer confidence in a price range and confidence in obtaining mortgage approval. In submitting offers, sellers will know they have a serious buyer who has taken the time to arrange for mortgage financing first.